解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Predator-prey interactions between the predatory leech, Glossiphonia complanata, and its gastropod prey were investigated in laboratory experiments, including behavioural observations with the aid of time-lapse video technique. Six gastropod species were investigated, viz. Lymnaea peregra, Planorbis planorbis, Physa f...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377633
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the idea that variation in forelimb length among male anurans influences reproductive success, and does so independently of body size. Analyses of covariance and multivariate analyses of morphological data for five species of explosives breeders are used to test the prediction that for species in w...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377623
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal measurements of microclimatic conditions were compared to seasonal indices of leaf structural components and plant water relations in Prosopis glandulosa var. torryana. P. glandulosa had two short periods of leaf production which resulted in two distinct even aged cohorts of leaves. The two leaf cohorts (summ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00399043
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasticity in life-history characteristics was investigated in three populations of Plantago major L. ssp. pleiosperma (Pilger), a self-compatible, wind pollinated species with a high self-fertilization rate. The populations studied were selected for their marked differences in biomass accumulation and habitat charact...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00399033
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of Polygonum pensylvanicum L., an early successional annual, and of Polygonum virginianum L., a late successional perennial, were examined along discontinuous gradients of soil moisture, light and nutrient availability. In the case of P. virginianum both individuals grown from seed and individuals grown ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378779
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptations to aridity of the reedfrog Hyperolius viridiflavus nitidulus, living in different parts of the season-ally very dry and hot West African savanna, are investigated. 1. During the dry season mainly juveniles (weighing 200-600 mg) were found in the field. A very low rate of evaporative water loss (EWL; about ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378769
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beaver (Castor canadensis) affect the benthic invertebrate community of small woodland streams in Quebec through habitat modifications. Their activities influence community structure through the replacement of lotic taxa by lentic forms and community function by increasing the absolute importance of collectors and pre...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378759
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of the xylem-tapping mistletoe Phoradendron juniperinum on the nitrogen and water relations of its host Juniperus osteosperma was investigated under natural field conditions. Leaf conductance, leaf water potential, and leaf Kjeldahl nitrogen contents were followed through the growing season on mistletoes, i...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384800
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neotropical shrub Pentagonia macrophylla Benth. (Rubiaceae) has protandrous two-day flowers. Synchronous development among flowers on a single individual results in sequential phenotypic unisexuality: the entire plant alternates gender from day to day. Pistillate flowers produce more nectar than staminate flowers ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384790
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in body size (weight) is examined across the order Carnivora in relation to taxonomy (phylogeny), latitude, habitat, zonation, activity cycle, diet, prey size, and prey diversity. Significant differences in body weight are observed with respect to family membership. Some of these differences may be explained...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00790026
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dissection of 1,941 specimens provided data on reproductive cycles in six genera of skinks and three genera of agamids from the Alligator Rivers Region of Australia's Northern Territory. Comparative data on lizards from the temperate zone were gathered by dissecting specimens of three genera, and by reviewing publishe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00790016
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Intake of food, fat, protein and carbohydrates and their fecal output were recorded during the annual body weight cycle of the garden warbler, and old-world longdistance migratory bird species, and the efficiencies of food and nutrient utilization, defined as the ratio (intake-fecal output)/intake, were calculated. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379483
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tree population size structures and dispersion patterns were studied using stem maps in three old-growth western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Sarg.)-western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn.) stands in the Rocky Mountains of northern Idaho and adjacent Washington. The two species were codominant in one stand, hemlock domin...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379473
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pteromalus puparum is a gregarious parasitoid of many butterfly pupae. Adult size, mortality, and sex ratio of P. puparum, as a parasitoid of Papilio xuthus, were unit weight of the host. Effects of female size on fecundity, wing load, and longevity were also examined.The highest total weight of progeny from the host ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379463
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fruiting phenology and pattern of fruit removal of two shrubby dogwoods were examined in relation to fruit composition. It was predicted that fruit of the species bearing high fat fruit would disappear more rapidly and fall to the ground sooner than fruit of the species bearing low fat fruit. Field observation at two ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384952
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::(1) Small saplings of Tilia cordata, when planted in deciduous woodlands, are damaged or destroyed by rodents. (2) Experiments with captive animals show that the damage is identical with that caused by bank voles. (3) Bank voles are present at all sites where damage occurs. (4) Small saplings of Betula spp. establishe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384942
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Every summer the deepest parts of the inner Flensburg fjord are subject to O2-deficiency lasting from a few weeks to several months. In spring, however, populations of Metridium senile can be found in these areas, in spite of the fact that frequently the local anoxic period of the previous summer has been 2-3 times lo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384295
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon allocation among bunchgrass tillers was examined with carbon-11 (11CO2) steady state labelling. Labelled carbon was continuously transported from parent tillers to anatomically attached daughter tillers at a time when morphological characteristics indicated that tiller maturation had occurred. Steady state leve...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384285
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The palatability of 14 species of woody plant was assessed for three species of browsing ruminant, namely kudus, impalas and goats. Results show that palatability was most clearly related to leaf contents of condensed tannins. The effect was a threshold one, with all plants containing more than 5% condensed tannins be...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378466
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to test the role of disturbance and the effects of disturbance frequency on stream communities, an experiment was conducted in New Hope Creek, North Carolina, USA. Patches of cobbles were tumbled 0, 1 or 2 times in a 6 week span. These tumbling disturbances lasted only 30 seconds. The recovery of the macroinv...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378456
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gas exchange characteristics in leaves of the sclerophyll shrub Quercus coccifera were studied in the natural habitat in Portugal during spring and during the summer dry period. Compared to other sclerophyll species growing at the same site, photosynthesis in leaves of Quercus coccifera was less affected by water stre...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378446
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resource selection is a function of interactions of organisms (competition, predation) as well as characteristics of the resource and organisms. I provide a quantitative model that integrates these factors. I use the model to predict profitability of fruits to tropical birds, but the model and its predictions are appl...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379351
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review I offer a solution to the problem why endotherm populations appear to be so inefficient in converting food energy into body substance despite the fact that individual endotherms are just as 'efficient' in this respect as individual ectotherms. Calculated for individuals of half the adult mass both ectot...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379341
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypotheses about the influence of intraspecific density and available cover on home range size (=mean activity radius) of a plethodontid salamander (Desmognathus monticola) were tested by field experimentation from June 1980 to October 1981. A second order mountain stream in southwestern North Carolina was marked into...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378306
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth of woody species has two components, one pertaining to increment of biomass, the other to the architectonic arrangement of dry matter in space. Only the combination of both components explained the competitive strength of species that dominate in different stages of a hedgerow succession in Central Europe. Biom...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378296
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central mudminnow (Umbra limi) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) are two species of fishes that commonly co-occur in small bog lakes in the Great Lakes region of North America. Both species are dietary generalists with a high degree of dietary overlap, and perch populations have been shown to have a strong negat...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379865
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of invertebrate shredders on organic matter dynamics and phosphorus spiralling was studied over a 30-week period in laboratory streams. The streams were fed by groundwater, layered with cobble and gravel from a natural stream, covered with opaque material to eliminate algal growth, and initially contained 1...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379855
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chaparral shrub Eriodictyon californicum secretes a phenolic leaf resin composed of flavonoid aglycones. We used leaves with artificially altered resin contents to test the effects of resin on the feeding, growth, and oviposition of the specialist herbivore Trirhabda diducta. In addition, we compared Trirhabda fee...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378560
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal and nutritionally induced changes of whole body protein metabolism have been studied in 45 to 57 mm shell-length Mytilus edulis from Whitsand Bay, southwest England. The subtraction of measured net protein balances from coincident rates of protein synthesis, determined in vivo by supplying 15N-labelled alga a...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378550
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on flower colour polymorphism were recorded for 341 of some 426 species of Erica occurring in the south-western Cape, South Africa. Thirty-eight per cent of these Erica species are colour polymorphic, the incidence of polymorphism being greater than expected for ornithophilous species and lower than expected for ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379677
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cosmopolitan species of cellular slime molds occur continents apart in both tropical and temperate zones of the world though the spore masses are too heavy to be wind borne, and water dispersal is limited to the watercourses. A highly mobile distribution vector was found in ground-feeding migratory song birds. Nine ub...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379667
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The population ecology of Pardia tripunctana and Notocelia roborana, a bud- and a leaf-feeding tortricid respectively, on Rosa spp. was studied.Mortality factors of the egg and larval stages are low and density-independent.Pupal mortality in the soil is a regulatory mechanism: it compensates for density fluctuations, ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378920
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heavy damage of the mountain birch foliage, as well as application of small amounts of insect frass to the soil beneath the trees, reduced growth of Epirrita autumnata larvae reared in these trees in the following year. Foliage damage in the previous year decreased larval survival, too. Both foliage damage and insect ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378910
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The partitioning of energy in three species of nematode, Paroigolaimella bernensis, Diplogasteritus nudicapitatus and Rhabditis curvicaudata, from a polysaprobic environment is considered. Temperature was shown to have a profound impact on the rate at which these organisms obtained food resources and on the partitioni...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379232
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals of the collembolan species Tomocerus flavescens from a beech wood on limestone near Göttingen (West Germany) were fed with C-14-labelled algae in the laboratory. On an average, T. flavescens exchanged almost all of its endogenous carbon after 3.4 moults. In periods of starvation the interval between two ec...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379222
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is shown that litter of flowering plants of Cirsium vulgare inhibits the growth of seedlings of the same species at concentrations as low as 0.4% (g litter/g soil). The inhibition of growth cannot be fully compensated by adding nutrients, which indicates that autotoxicity may occur. It must be concluded, however, f...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379212
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight species of carabids (six of them represented by two subpopulations) were sampled. It appeared that the mean number of ripe eggs in the ovaries could be regressed on the specific body weight (ranging from 20 to 285 mg dry wt.): the mean decreased in heavier species, and was higher in the autumn breeders than in t...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384473
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mature growth-phase internodes of Alaska paper birch (Betula resinifera) are preferred by the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) over juvenile growth-phase internodes due to the low food value of the latter. While the mature over juvenile preferencec cannot be explained by the levels of inorganic nutrients or gross chem...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384463
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reanalysis of data presented by Henneman (1983) to examine the relationship between intrinsic rate of increase and basal metabolism suggests there is no statistically significant correlation between the two variables when both are treated with comparable statistical techniques. In addition, I suggest there is no the...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379142
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1.) The daily ration required to maintain a population growth rate, r m, of zero (threshold ration) increased with increasing Asplanchna body mass. This relationship is described by the equation T=0.342 W0.797 where T=threshold ration (μg day-1 dry mass) and W=Asplanchna body mass (μg adult-1 dry mass). 2.) The thresh...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379132
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00